Welcome, this topic we’ll be exploring deep into the Earth and high above the clouds to learn about how rocks form and how we use all of our natural and man-made resources for better or worse.

Note: The is part of the site is still under development in 2020 and will have pages added to it throughout term 3 & 4.

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Week 6 – 7
Renewable and Non-renewable resources
Conserving Non-renewable’s with renewable’s

Rocks and Resources Vocabulary list and quizzes
Minecraft challenges and lessons

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Extras

Check out the “Worldometers” below for Australia and the globe to try put into perspective how much of everything we use and what is left.
Global Worldometer
Australian Population Worldometer

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Revision sheet

Year 8 Science EXAM REVISION

Complete the following questions in your notebooks, using your notes and textbooks

• Explain how a mineral is different from a rock?

• Define the following terms relating to minerals, and give an example where possible:

Lustre
Streak
Cleavage
Hardness
Density
Colour

• Explain the difference between magma and lava.

• Identify which type of rock (igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic) is being described by each statement below:

has layers
has pebbles all cemented together
Has wavy uneven layers
has crystals which interlock with each other
formed by cooling molten magma
formed by changing existing rocks with heat and pressure
may contain fossils
formed from lava
This rock is formed from weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation
There are two main types of this rock – contact and regional.
Formed from magma.
Granite and pumice are examples of this type of rock
Marble and gneiss are examples of this type of rock
Sandstone and conglomerate are examples of this type of rock.

• Explain the relationship between cooling rate of igneous rock and the size of the crystals that form in the rock.

•  Explain the difference between an intrusive and an extrusive igneous rock in terms of

• How they are formed

• Their appearance

• a)  Explain what a fossil is.

b)  Describe how fossils are formed.

c)  Explain why fossils are useful to science.

•   Summarise the main characteristics of the three types of rocks by completing the table:

TYPE OF ROCK	HOW are they formed?	WHAT do they commonly look like?	Names of some EXAMPLES
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

1. Explain which type(s) of rock you would expect to find fossils in, and which type(s) you would not expect to find fossils in. (explain means provide detail or reasons)

1. Explain how each of the following processes contribute to making sedimentary rock 

                       weathering, erosion, compaction, cementation.

Complete the diagram of the rock cycle below:

List the rock types from oldest to youngest   Explain how you decided where Rock “W” was placed.          Identify which layer is the most resistant to weathering.   Explain how you know for (c)

The following questions refer to this rock face:

1. Identify which type of rocks would take the longest to form, and explain why.

1. Predict which would have the greatest pressure, and explain why – a finger pressed into the palm of your hand, or a pin pushed into the palm of your hand – both with the same amount of force. 

1. Classify the following rocks as either Igneous, Sedimentary or Metamorphic:
2. Shale               _______________              e)  Basalt               _________________
3. Granite            _______________              f)   Conglomerate  _________________
4. Mudstone       _______________              g)  Pumice             _________________
5. Marble             _______________              h)  Slate                _________________

1. Use the information below to put the six substances mentioned (in underlineditalics) in order from   hardest to softest:

A steel file can scratch a pen knife blade

Calcite scratches a copper coin

A pen knife blade scratches calcite

Quartz can leave a mark on a steel file

Quartz is scratched by topaz

1. A clam farmer has been keeping records of water temperature and the number of clams developing from fertilised eggs.  The data is shown in the table below:

Water Temperature (0C)	Number of Clams
15	75
20	90
25	120
30	140
35	75
40	40
45	15
50	0

a)  Use the information in the table below to construct a line graph:

(b)  What conclusion can be reached from the information in the table/graph?

 Consider the flowchart below about the formation of fossils. Use this information to answer the questions below.

• What information is given in the flowchart above explaining the difference between internal mould fossils, and trace fossils?

• What two characteristics do permineralized fossils and replacement fossils have in common? What different is there between these two types of fossils?

• If you find a fossil and it “not dense”, does that mean it must be a fossil created by recrystallization? Explain your answer

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